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BIRTH: WELCOME TO THE WORLD, LITTLE ONES
puppy delivery should be easy: Bruce Chrstensen, DVM. (2019). Kokopelli Canine Health and Breeding Symposium.
sausage-shaped torpedoes: The term “sausage-shaped torpedoes” was coined by Bruce Christensen, DVM and first heard at the Kokopelli Canine Health and Breeding Symposium on January 19, 2019.
low level of oxygen: Reyes-Sotelo B, Ogi A, Mora-Medina P, Mariti C, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Domínguez-Oliva A, Rosas ME, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gazzano A. (2022). Early Blood Analysis and Gas Exchange Monitoring in the Canine Neonate: Effect of Dam's Size and Birth Order. Animals (Basel). doi: 10.3390/ani12121508.
bulk of their immunity: Chastant S, Mila H. (2019). Passive Immune Transfer in Puppies. Animal Reproduction Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.012
rapidly in utero: Pretzer SD. (2008). Canine embryonic and fetal development: a review. Theriogenology. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.029.
passive transfer of immunity. Chastant S, Mila H. (2019). Passive Immune Transfer in Puppies. Animal Reproduction Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.012