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Classical Conditioning: Clark, RE. (2004). The classical origins of Pavlov’s conditioning. Integr. psych. behav. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02734167
See also: A. Cook, “How it Works: Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning Explained”, Fenzi Do Sports Academy, December 10 2018, https://www.fenzidogsportsacademy.com/blog/operant-conditioning-and-classical-conditioning

lower stress response: Howell T, King T, Bennett P. (2015). Puppy parties and beyond: the role of early age socialization practices on adult dog behavior. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S62081

energy cycles: Reisen J. (2023). How to Make Sure Your Puppy Gets Enough Sleep. American Kennel Club. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/how-much-do-puppies-sleep/

individually take the puppies: Stolzlechner L, Bonorand A, Riemer S. Optimising Puppy Socialisation-Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Training Programme during the Early Socialisation Period. (2022). Animals (Basel). doi: 10.3390/ani12223067.

learn from their mama: Santos NR, Beck A, Fontbonne A. (2020). A review of maternal behaviour in dogs and potential areas for further research. J Small Anim Pract. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13085.
See also: Luescher A. Canine Behavioral Development. Small Animal Pediatrics. Saunders, 2011. 98.
See also: Serpell J, Duffy DL, Jagoe JA. (2016). Becoming a dog: Early experience and the development of behavior. The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139161800.006